Et2O

Diethyl ether, also known as ethoxyethane, is an organic solvent with the chemical formula C4H10O and a molar mass of 74.12 g/mol. It is a colorless, highly volatile liquid with a characteristic sweet odor. It is the simplest dialkyl ether and was historically the most widely used general anesthetic.

Diethyl ether has a boiling point of 34.6°C and is miscible with many organic solvents; it is only sparingly soluble in water (about 7 g/L at 20°C) and is considered a relatively nonpolar, polar-aprotic solvent.

Industrially produced by acid-catalyzed dehydration of ethanol using sulfuric acid or similar catalysts. It is stored in tightly closed containers, in well-ventilated areas, away from ignition sources. Stabilizers such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are often added to inhibit peroxide formation. Ether vapors are heavier than air.

Applications: as a versatile solvent in organic synthesis, particularly for moisture-sensitive reagents such as Grignard reagents and organolithiums; used to extract essential oils and in various laboratory procedures; historically used as an inhaled anesthetic.

Safety: highly flammable; flash point around -45°C; vapors can form explosive mixtures with air; inhalation may cause dizziness, drowsiness, or anesthesia; prolonged storage can lead to dangerous peroxides; handle with appropriate precautions, ensure good ventilation, grounding, and away from oxidizers.