Espinhaço

Espinhaço is a Brazilian term that translates to "spine" or "ridge," and it refers to a series of mountain ranges and plateaus that run through several states in eastern Brazil. The Espinhaço Mountains are part of the Brazilian Shield, a large area of Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks that form the core of the South American continent. The Espinhaço ranges are characterized by their rugged terrain, steep cliffs, and deep valleys, which have significantly influenced the region's climate, soil, and biodiversity.

The Espinhaço Mountains stretch from the state of Bahia in the north to the state of Minas Gerais in the south, with several distinct ranges and plateaus along the way. Some of the most notable Espinhaço ranges include the Chapada Diamantina, the Serra da Canastra, and the Serra do Espinhaço. These ranges are home to a diverse array of flora and fauna, including several endemic species found nowhere else in the world.

The Espinhaço Mountains have played a crucial role in the history and culture of Brazil. They have been a source of valuable minerals, such as gold and diamonds, and have been the site of numerous battles and conflicts throughout the country's history. Today, the Espinhaço Mountains are a popular destination for tourists seeking adventure and natural beauty, with opportunities for hiking, camping, and wildlife viewing. The region is also known for its traditional crafts, such as pottery and textiles, which are often made by local indigenous communities.