Esitutkinta

Esitutkinta, or pre-trial investigation, is the initial phase of criminal proceedings in Finland. Its purpose is to determine whether there are grounds to suspect a crime and to collect relevant evidence. The investigation is typically conducted by the police under the supervision of a public prosecutor, and in more serious or sensitive cases a prosecutor may direct the esitutkinta.

During the esitutkinta authorities seek information from witnesses and suspects, gather physical and digital evidence, and secure possible crime scenes. Methods commonly used include interviews and statements, examination of documents, and measures such as search and seizure, fingerprints, and DNA sampling. In some situations, surveillance or other intrusive measures may require court authorization. The scope and duration of the investigation depend on the complexity of the case and the current evidentiary needs.

The investigation operates under legal rights and safeguards. The suspect has the right to legal counsel and to be informed about the investigation, and all participants are to be treated in accordance with the law. The esitutkinta is generally conducted with a degree of confidentiality to protect the investigation and the rights of those involved; information is shared as necessary with the parties and authorities.

Esitutkinta ends when the prosecutor determines there is enough evidence to bring charges, or when there is no basis to continue, in which case the proceedings may be closed. If charges are warranted, the case proceeds to the court for a trial. The esitutkinta thus serves as the bridge between initial suspicion and formal legal action.