Erytropoëse
Erythropoiesis, or erytropoëse, is the biological process by which new red blood cells (erythrocytes) are produced. In adult humans it occurs mainly in the bone marrow and begins with hematopoietic stem cells differentiating along the erythroid lineage. The erythroid maturation sequence includes proerythroblasts, basophilic erythroblasts, polychromatic erythroblasts, and orthochromatic erythroblasts, followed by enucleation to form reticulocytes, which mature into erythrocytes in the circulation. The process is regulated by erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone produced primarily by the kidneys in response to low oxygen tension. Adequate iron, folate, and vitamin B12 are essential for heme and DNA synthesis during erythropoiesis.
Developing erythroblasts mature within erythroblastic islands in the bone marrow, where a resident macrophage supports maturation,
Normal erythropoiesis maintains a high production rate, with the human body producing roughly 2 million red
Clinical aspects include anemia, polycythemia, and disorders of iron metabolism. Therapeutic use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, particularly