Eriytymisprosessit

Eriytymisprosessit, known in English as cell division or cell proliferation, are fundamental biological processes where a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. This process is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction in all living organisms. There are two primary types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis.

Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth. This process is crucial for the growth of multicellular organisms, the repair of damaged tissues, and asexual reproduction in some organisms. Mitosis involves a series of stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, during which the chromosomes are replicated and then equally distributed into the two new nuclei.

Meiosis, on the other hand, is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell and from each other. This process occurs in sexually reproducing organisms and is essential for the production of gametes (sperm and egg cells). Meiosis involves two successive nuclear divisions, Meiosis I and Meiosis II, which further ensure genetic diversity through processes like crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes. Understanding these cell division processes is vital for comprehending genetics, development, and disease, including cancer, which often involves uncontrolled cell proliferation.