Epiphysiális

Epiphysiális is a term used in anatomy and medicine to describe structures related to the epiphysis and, in particular, the growth plate (physis) of long bones. In English usage, the corresponding adjective is epiphyseal.

In developing long bones, the physis lies between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphysis (end). It is a layer of hyaline cartilage that permits longitudinal growth. Histologically, growth plates comprise four zones: resting (reserve), proliferative, hypertrophic, and calcification/ossification, which progressively ossify to form the metaphyseal bone as growth ceases.

Growth in length is regulated by systemic hormones such as growth hormone and thyroid hormone, and by sex steroids during puberty. Estrogen and testosterone promote maturation and eventually lead to physis closure, leaving an epiphyseal line in adults.

Physeal injuries are clinically important in children because they can disrupt bone growth, causing deformity or limb-length discrepancy. The Salter-Harris system classifies fractures that involve the physis. Other conditions affecting the physis include slipped capital femoral epiphysis, rickets, and various endocrine or nutritional disorders.

Imaging the physis shows a radiolucent line on X-ray in children; MRI can visualize cartilage and assess physeal integrity. Diagnosis and management depend on age, anatomical location, and injury severity, with careful attention to growth potential and possible long-term consequences.