Epifüüsiplaadid

Epifüüsiplaadid, also known as epiphyses, are the ends of long bones in the human body. They are composed of hyaline cartilage and are covered by a thin layer of periosteum. Epiphyses play a crucial role in the growth and development of long bones. During childhood and adolescence, they grow rapidly, contributing to the overall lengthening of the bones. This growth is facilitated by the activity of chondrocytes, which produce new cartilage matrix.

As individuals reach adulthood, the epiphyses undergo a process called epiphyseal closure or epiphyseal fusion. This process involves the replacement of the hyaline cartilage with bone tissue, typically occurring between the ages of 18 and 25. The site of epiphyseal closure is known as the epiphyseal plate or growth plate. Once closed, the epiphyses no longer grow in length, and the bone becomes a solid structure.

Epiphyses are connected to the diaphysis (the shaft of the bone) by the metaphysis, a region of spongy bone that contains blood vessels and nerves. The epiphyseal line, a thin line of bone that can sometimes be seen on X-rays, marks the site of the former epiphyseal plate.

In summary, epifüüsiplaadid are the ends of long bones that undergo significant growth during childhood and adolescence, eventually fusing with the diaphysis to form a solid bone structure. They are essential for the proper development and function of the skeletal system.