Enzymkoblete

Enzymkoblete is a term used in Danish biochemistry and biotechnology for strategies that join enzymes to surfaces, supports, or to other enzymatic units to form functional assemblies. The goal is to create stable, reusable biocatalysts or integrated multi-enzyme systems that can carry out sequential reactions more efficiently than free enzymes.

Coupling can be covalent (epoxy resins, glutaraldehyde, NHS-ester chemistry), affinity-based (strep-tag, His-tag with metal ions, biotin-streptavidin), or non-covalent interactions (ionic, hydrophobic, or van der Waals). Enzymes can be immobilized on solid supports (porous polymers, silica, carbon materials), incorporated into membranes, or conjugated to nanoparticles.

Configurations include immobilized single-enzyme preparations, co-immobilized sets for cascade reactions, and engineered multi-enzyme complexes that bring sequential steps into close proximity to enhance channeling.

Applications span industrial biocatalysis, pharmaceutical synthesis, biosensors, diagnostic assays, and energy devices such as enzymatic fuel cells.

Key considerations include preserving catalytic activity, orientation control, mass transfer limitations, leaching, and the cost of materials. Characterization commonly reports activity yield, immobilization efficiency, and stability under operational conditions. The field overlaps with enzyme immobilization and protein engineering.