Enterolactones

Enterolactones are a group of organic compounds that belong to the class of lignans. They are found in the human body and are also produced by gut bacteria from plant lignans. These plant lignans are consumed through the diet, particularly from sources like flaxseeds, sesame seeds, and whole grains. When these plant lignans reach the colon, they are metabolized by the intestinal microbiota into enterolactones. The two main enterolactones identified are enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END).

The presence and levels of enterolactones in the body are often used as biomarkers for lignan intake and gut microbiota activity. Studies have investigated the potential health effects associated with enterolactones, with a particular focus on their antioxidant and phytoestrogenic properties. Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds that can mimic the effects of estrogen in the body. Research has explored the association of enterolactone levels with various health outcomes, including cardiovascular health and certain types of cancer, although more research is needed to establish definitive links and understand the mechanisms involved. The conversion of plant lignans to enterolactones is influenced by individual differences in gut microbiota composition and function.