Enkefaliinit

Enkefaliinit are a group of endogenous opioid peptides found in the brain and peripheral nervous system. They are involved in various physiological processes, including pain perception, mood regulation, and stress response. Enkefaliinit are synthesized from larger precursor proteins called proenkephalins. There are two main types of enkefalin: methionine-enkefalin (Met-enkefalin) and leucine-enkefalin (Leu-enkefalin). These peptides bind to opioid receptors, primarily the mu (μ) and delta (δ) opioid receptors, to exert their effects.

The release of enkefalin is triggered by various stimuli, such as pain, stress, and certain behaviors. Once released, they act as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators, influencing neuronal activity. In the context of pain, enkefalin can inhibit the transmission of pain signals to the brain, leading to analgesia. They also play a role in the rewarding effects of certain activities and substances, contributing to feelings of pleasure and well-being. Furthermore, enkefalin are implicated in regulating gastrointestinal motility, cardiovascular function, and immune responses.

Dysregulation of the enkefalin system has been associated with various neurological and psychiatric conditions, including chronic pain disorders, depression, and addiction. Research into enkefalin and their receptors continues to explore their therapeutic potential for managing pain and other conditions. Understanding the intricate roles of these endogenous peptides is crucial for developing more targeted and effective treatments.