Energiniveau
Energiniveau is the Dutch term for energy level and refers to the discrete energy value a quantum system may possess. In quantum mechanics, particles are described by wavefunctions, and solutions to the time-independent Schrödinger equation yield a set of energy eigenvalues. Each eigenvalue corresponds to an energetic state, and states sharing the same eigenvalue are degenerate. Levels are typically labeled by quantum numbers appropriate to the system (for atoms: principal n, angular momentum l, magnetic m; for molecules: electronic, vibrational, and rotational indices).
Transitions between levels involve absorption or emission of energy equal to the difference between levels, ΔE =
Examples: In hydrogen-like atoms, energy levels follow En = -R∞/n^2. In molecules, energy levels form electronic, vibrational,
Measurement methods include absorption and emission spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, and tunneling spectroscopy. Understanding energy levels underpins