Energiesystems
Energiesystems, also known as energy systems, are the networks and institutions that enable the provision of energy services to end users. They include the extraction or capture of primary energy sources (coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear, biomass, wind, solar, hydro, geothermal), their conversion into usable forms (electricity, heat, fuels), the transmission and distribution infrastructure, storage facilities, and the markets and regulations that govern them. The aim is to supply electricity, heat, transport fuels, and other energy services reliably, affordably, and with acceptable environmental impact.
Modern Energiesystems are increasingly integrated and sector-coupled, connecting electricity, heating and cooling, transport, and industry. Core
Challenges include variability of renewable generation, transmission constraints, aging infrastructure, economics, and policy uncertainty. Analyses rely
Recent trends emphasize decarbonization and digitalization: higher shares of renewables, grid modernization, energy storage expansion, intelligent