Energiakäik

Energiakäik, literally “energy path” or “energy flow” in Finnish, is a concept used in energy studies to describe the sequence of steps through which energy moves from its origin to final use and the losses that occur along the way. The term is used in both technical and policy contexts and is closely related to the notions of an energy balance and the energy value chain. A typical energiakäik comprises several stages: primary energy sources (fossil fuels, biomass, nuclear, wind, solar), extraction or harvest, conversion and energy carriers (electricity, heat, fuels), transmission and distribution, storage and losses, and finally end use in sectors such as industry, transport, and buildings.

Each stage involves efficiency losses, infrastructure requirements, and cost implications. In practice, energiakäik is analyzed with quantitative tools such as energy balances, Sankey diagrams, and exergy analysis, which help visualize energy flows and identify where improvements are possible. The concept supports planning for energy efficiency, modernization of grids, decarbonization strategies, and life-cycle assessments of energy systems. It is used by public authorities, researchers, and industry stakeholders to compare scenarios, track progress toward targets, and communicate complex energy systems to policymakers and the public.

Variations of the term appear in ecological and engineering contexts, but in Finnish energy policy the focus is typically on the physical flow of energy through the economy. See also energy balance, energy value chain, Sankey diagram, exergy.