Endoteliumi

Endoteliumi is a Latin term that translates to endothelium in English. The endothelium is a thin, continuous layer of flattened cells that lines the interior surface of all blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. It also forms the inner lining of the heart chambers. This single layer of cells, known as endothelial cells, plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular health and regulating various physiological processes.

The primary function of the endothelium is to act as a selective barrier, controlling the passage of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues. It also produces and releases various molecules that influence blood clotting, blood vessel tone (constriction and dilation), and inflammation. For instance, endothelial cells produce nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that helps relax blood vessels and maintain healthy blood flow. They also secrete factors that promote or inhibit blood clot formation.

Furthermore, the endothelium is involved in the immune response by allowing white blood cells to adhere to the vessel wall and migrate into tissues when needed. In pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis, the endothelium can become dysfunctional, contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Maintaining a healthy endothelium is therefore vital for overall cardiovascular well-being.