Endodonttiset

Endodonttiset is a dental specialty focused on diagnosing, preventing, and treating diseases and injuries of the dental pulp, periodontal ligament, and surrounding structures. The term originates from the Greek words "endo" meaning within and "odont" meaning tooth. Modern endodontic practice began in the 19th century with the advent of local anesthesia and rotary instruments, evolving into the sophisticated techniques used today.

The primary goal of endodonttiset is to preserve natural teeth when the pulp becomes necrotic or inflamed, thereby avoiding extraction. Core procedures include root canal therapy, apical surgery, and file-based cleaning and shaping of the root canal system. Multidisciplinary diagnostic tools such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), periapical radiographs, and dental operating microscopes allow precise visualization of complex root canal anatomies.

Instrumentation has shifted from manual stainless steel files to nickel-titanium rotary systems that enhance flexibility and reduce instrument separation. Recent developments in single-file rotary systems and reciprocating motion have improved procedural efficiency while maintaining biomechanical efficacy. Irrigation protocols now incorporate sodium hypochlorite, EDTA, and passive ultrasonic activation, aiming to eliminate microorganisms and dissolve pulpal tissue. Root canal obturation is performed with thermoplasticized gutta‐percha or thermoplasticized sealer systems, ensuring a hermetic seal.

Indications for endodonttiset include caries-related pulpitis, traumatic pulp exposure, or post‐operational failures such as persistent infections after partial root canal treatment. Emerging areas of research encompass regenerative endodontics, biomimetic scaffolds, and stem‑cell‑based tissue engineering to restore pulp vitality. Clinicians must adhere to stringent infection control protocols, routinely update their training, and employ evidence‑based decision‑making to achieve optimal outcomes.