Endgelenke

Endgelenke, also known as terminal joints or distal interphalangeal joints (DIP joints), are the joints located at the very end of a finger or toe. Specifically, they are the articulations between the distal phalanx (the bone at the tip) and the middle phalanx (the bone next to it) of each digit, excluding the thumb and big toe, which only possess one interphalangeal joint. These joints are crucial for fine motor control and manipulation.

The structure of an endgelenke involves the articular surfaces of the bones being covered with hyaline cartilage. A joint capsule encloses the articulation, providing stability and containing synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint. Ligaments further reinforce the capsule, limiting excessive movement. The primary movements at the endgelenke are flexion and extension, allowing for precise bending and straightening of the fingertips.

Diseases and injuries commonly affecting the endgelenke include osteoarthritis, which causes degeneration of the cartilage, leading to pain and stiffness. Rheumatoid arthritis can also impact these joints, although it tends to affect the proximal interphalangeal joints more frequently. Trauma, such as fractures or dislocations, can also occur at the endgelenke, requiring medical attention. The function of the endgelenke is vital for everyday activities like gripping, writing, and picking up small objects.