Endemická

Endemická refers to a species of plant or animal that is unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country, or other defined area. This means that the species is found nowhere else in the world. The term originates from the Greek word 'endēmos', meaning 'inhabiting a particular place'. Endemic species are often isolated populations that have evolved separately from others. Their unique characteristics are a result of adapting to specific environmental conditions and a lack of gene flow with other populations.

The concept of endemism is important in conservation biology. Endemic species are particularly vulnerable to extinction because their limited range makes them susceptible to habitat destruction, invasive species, and climate change. If their specific environment is altered or destroyed, the entire species population can be threatened. Many conservation efforts focus on protecting the habitats of endemic species to ensure their survival. For example, many island ecosystems have a high degree of endemism, making them biodiversity hotspots and priorities for conservation. Identifying and understanding endemic species is a crucial step in documenting and preserving the planet's biodiversity.