Emboliserend

Emboliserend is a medical adjective derived from the Latin word embolium, meaning a blockage or occlusion of a blood vessel by an embolus. In clinical practice it describes substances or devices that are intentionally introduced into the vascular system with the intention of arresting blood flow to a specific area. The primary goal of embolization is to reduce or eliminate blood supply to a target such as a tumor, bleeding vessel, or vascular malformation, thereby controlling hemorrhage or inhibiting further growth.

The spectrum of embolisers is diverse. Microparticles, microspheres, gelatin sponge, polyvinyl alcohol, and calibrated coils are routinely used; newer liquid agents include ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer and polidocanol foam. Choice of material depends on the size, flow dynamics, and desired permanence of occlusion. For example, detachable coils are best for precise, permanent occlusion of high-flow aneurysms, while particles are preferred for diffuse tumor embolization.

Embolisering is most common in interventional radiology but is also employed in vascular surgery, gynecology, and radiation oncology. It is a cornerstone of non‑invasive treatment for conditions such as uterine fibroids, hepatocellular carcinoma, spinal arteriovenous malformations, and acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Benefits include minimal invasiveness, repeated applicability, and preservation of surrounding tissues. Complications can range from non‑target embolization and ischemic injury to inflammatory reactions and infection; careful imaging guidance and material selection mitigate these risks.

Research continues to refine emboliser chemistry and delivery techniques, aiming to improve occlusion efficiency, reduce recanalization rates, and enhance patient safety.