Elektronojamkové

Elektronojamkové, often translated as electron hole or simply hole, is a concept in solid-state physics and semiconductor electronics. It represents a vacant state in the valence band of a semiconductor where an electron would normally be found. When an electron is excited from the valence band to the conduction band, it leaves behind an empty state in the valence band. This empty state behaves as if it were a positively charged particle, and it is this behavior that is termed an electron hole.

Holes are crucial for the electrical conductivity of semiconductors. They can move through the crystal lattice as valence electrons from neighboring atoms fill the vacant state. This movement of the vacant state is effectively a movement of positive charge. The combination of free electrons in the conduction band and mobile holes in the valence band accounts for the intrinsic conductivity of semiconductors. In extrinsic semiconductors, the concentration of either electrons or holes is deliberately increased by doping with impurities, leading to n-type (excess electrons) or p-type (excess holes) materials. The study of electron holes is fundamental to understanding the operation of transistors, diodes, and other semiconductor devices.