Elektrofílek

Elektrofílek is a term of Czech origin that translates to "electrophile" in English. In chemistry, an electrophile is a species that is attracted to and reacts with electron-rich centers. These species typically carry a positive charge or a partial positive charge, and they seek out regions of high electron density, such as lone pairs of electrons or pi bonds, in other molecules. Electrophiles are essential reactants in a wide range of organic reactions, including electrophilic addition, substitution, and aromatic substitution.

Common examples of electrophiles include Lewis acids, such as aluminum chloride (AlCl3) or boron trifluoride (BF3), which can accept electron pairs. Positively charged ions like the proton (H+) or carbocations are also strong electrophiles. Furthermore, molecules with polar bonds where one atom bears a significant partial positive charge, such as the carbon atom in a carbonyl group (C=O) or a halogen in a halocarbon, can act as electrophiles. The interaction between an electrophile and a nucleophile, a species rich in electrons, forms the basis of many fundamental chemical transformations. Understanding the nature and reactivity of electrophiles is crucial for predicting and controlling chemical reactions.