Elektroenkefalográfia

Elektroenkefalográfia, commonly known as EEG (electroencephalography), is a neurodiagnostic technique used to record electrical activity in the brain. The method measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current within the neurons of the brain. These fluctuations are recorded by electrodes placed on the scalp, which are connected to an electroencephalograph, a device that amplifies and records the electrical signals.

EEG is a non-invasive procedure that provides valuable insights into brain function, making it useful in diagnosing and monitoring various neurological conditions. It is particularly effective in identifying epileptic activity, sleep disorders, brain injuries, and other abnormalities affecting brain wave patterns. The technique is also employed in research to study brain activity related to cognitive processes, sensory perception, and motor control.

The recorded brain waves are categorized into different frequency bands, each associated with specific states of consciousness and brain activity. For instance, alpha waves are typically observed during relaxed wakefulness with closed eyes, while beta waves are linked to active thinking and concentration. Delta and theta waves are more prominent during deep sleep and certain stages of meditation or drowsiness.

EEG has several advantages, including its low cost, non-invasive nature, and ability to provide real-time monitoring. However, it has limitations, such as lower spatial resolution compared to imaging techniques like MRI or CT scans, and sensitivity to artifacts caused by muscle movements or external electrical interference. Despite these limitations, EEG remains a fundamental tool in neurology and neuroscience due to its simplicity and effectiveness in capturing dynamic brain activity.