Elektroanalýza

Elektroanalýza is a broad term encompassing analytical methods that rely on electrochemical phenomena. These techniques measure and quantify substances by observing their electrical properties, such as potential, current, charge, or resistance, as they interact with an electrode surface. The core principle involves a chemical reaction occurring at an electrode, which then generates or consumes electrical signals.

The field of elektroanalýza is divided into several major categories. Potentiometry, for instance, measures the potential difference between two electrodes in a solution to determine the concentration of a specific ion. Voltammetry involves applying a potential sweep and measuring the resulting current, providing information about redox reactions and analyte concentrations. Coulometry quantifies the amount of substance by measuring the total electric charge passed during an electrochemical reaction, based on Faraday's laws. Amperometry measures current at a fixed potential, often used for detecting species that are electrochemically active.

Elektroanalýza finds extensive applications across various disciplines. It is crucial in environmental monitoring for detecting pollutants in water and air, in clinical diagnostics for analyzing biological fluids, and in industrial processes for quality control and process monitoring. The sensitivity, selectivity, and often portable nature of electrochemical instruments make elektroanalýza a valuable tool for both laboratory and field analyses.