Elektrijuhtivusmõõtjaid

Elektrijuhtivus is a term related to electrical conductivity. It describes the ability of a material to conduct electric current. Materials with high elektrijuhtivus allow electrons to flow through them easily, while materials with low elektrijuhtivus resist the flow of electrons.

The SI unit for electrical conductivity is siemens per meter (S/m). Conductivity is the reciprocal of resistivity, which measures how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current. A material with high conductivity will have low resistivity, and vice versa.

Factors that influence elektrijuhtivus include temperature, the material's atomic structure, and the presence of impurities. For most conductors, conductivity decreases as temperature increases because the increased thermal vibrations of atoms scatter the charge carriers, hindering their movement. Superconductors are a special class of materials that exhibit zero electrical resistance below a critical temperature, meaning they have infinite elektrijuhtivus.

Metals like copper, silver, and gold are excellent electrical conductors due to their free electrons. Semiconductors, such as silicon and germanium, have conductivity between that of conductors and insulators, and their conductivity can be controlled by doping. Insulators, like rubber and glass, have very low elektrijuhtivus and are used to prevent the flow of electricity. Understanding elektrijuhtivus is fundamental in designing electrical circuits, electronic devices, and many other technologies.