Electromosódás

Electromosódás, also known as electroosmosis, is a physical phenomenon that occurs when an electric field is applied across a porous material saturated with a conductive liquid. This electric field causes the charged ions in the liquid to move, and as these ions migrate, they drag the surrounding liquid with them. The result is a net flow of liquid through the porous medium, independent of the liquid's viscosity or the pore size to a certain extent.

The driving force behind electromosódás is the interaction between the applied electric field and the electric double layer that forms at the interface between the solid material and the liquid. The solid surfaces typically possess a net charge, which attracts ions of opposite charge from the liquid, forming a diffuse layer of counterions. When an electric field is applied, these mobile counterions move, and their movement entrains the bulk liquid.

Electromosódás has found applications in various fields. In soil science and civil engineering, it is used for soil dewatering and stabilization, as it can effectively remove water from saturated soils. In microfluidics, it is employed to pump fluids in microchannels, enabling precise control over fluid movement for applications in lab-on-a-chip devices and micro-reactors. It also plays a role in chromatography and electrophoresis, where it influences the separation of molecules. The efficiency of electromosódás is dependent on factors such as the applied voltage, the conductivity of the liquid, the properties of the porous material, and the surface chemistry of the solid-liquid interface.