Ekstravasaatio

Ekstravasaatio, also known as extravasation, is a medical term that refers to the leakage of fluid or medication from a vein into the surrounding tissues. This can occur during intravenous (IV) therapy when the needle or catheter used for administration is not properly placed within the vein. The leaked fluid or medication can cause irritation, inflammation, and in some cases, tissue damage.

The most common symptoms of ekstravasaatio include swelling, redness, and pain at the site of the IV insertion. In more severe cases, the skin may blister or harden, and the area may feel warm to the touch. If the extravasated fluid is a vesicant or irritant, such as certain chemotherapy drugs, the damage can be more extensive, potentially leading to tissue necrosis.

Prevention of ekstravasaatio involves proper insertion and securement of the IV catheter, as well as regular monitoring of the IV site. Nurses and other healthcare professionals are trained to recognize the early signs of extravasation and to take immediate action if it occurs. This may involve stopping the IV infusion, removing the catheter, and applying appropriate treatments to the affected area.

Treatment for ekstravasaatio depends on the severity of the reaction and the type of fluid or medication that has leaked. In mild cases, simply stopping the infusion and removing the catheter may be sufficient. More severe cases may require specific antidotes or treatments to neutralize the effects of the extravasated medication. In some instances, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair damaged tissue.

Regular training and vigilance are key to minimizing the risks associated with ekstravasaatio. Healthcare providers must stay informed about the potential complications of IV therapy and be prepared to act quickly if extravasation occurs.