Ekspositsioon

Ekspositsioon, in the context of narrative theory, refers to the portion of a work that provides the background information necessary for understanding the plot, setting, and characters. It establishes where and when the story takes place, who the principal players are, and what the initial circumstances or conflicts involve. Exposition helps readers or viewers grasp the world and the stakes before the main action unfolds.

Exposition can be delivered in multiple ways. It may be direct, through a narrator or a character who explicitly states facts about the world or backstory. It can be indirect, conveyed through dialogue, description, or visual cues in film and theater. Techniques include opening scenes that establish setting, character introductions, dialogue that reveals relationships, and world-building details that hint at social, cultural, or historical context. In visual media, mise-en-scène, props, costume, and cinematography often carry expository information alongside actions.

Balance is a key concern. Excessive exposition, or “telling,” can interrupt pacing and reduce suspense, while too little exposition can leave audiences confused. Skilled writers and directors integrate background details into scenes, actions, or dialogue so information emerges naturally as the story progresses. Exposition may appear at the start of a work, but it can also be distributed through flashbacks, diaries, memories, or in medias res techniques, where present action is shown while background is revealed gradually.

See also:

- Exposition (narrative)

- Backstory

- World-building

- Show, don’t tell