Efalizumab

Efalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody used to treat plaque psoriasis. It is administered through subcutaneous injection. The drug works by binding to the alpha-4 beta-1 integrin, a protein involved in the adhesion of immune cells to blood vessels. By inhibiting this interaction, efalizumab reduces the activation and infiltration of immune cells into the skin, thereby decreasing inflammation and promoting the healing of psoriasis lesions.

Efalizumab was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2004 and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2005. It is marketed under the brand name Raptiva. The most common side effects of efalizumab include injection site reactions, upper respiratory tract infections, and nasopharyngitis. Serious side effects may include anaphylaxis, serious infections, and increased risk of tuberculosis.

Efalizumab is typically prescribed for patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who have not responded adequately to other treatments. It is available in a pre-filled syringe for subcutaneous administration, with a recommended dosing regimen of 0.5 mg/kg once weekly. The drug is not recommended for use in patients with active tuberculosis or a history of anaphylaxis to efalizumab or other monoclonal antibodies.

Efalizumab is a biologic therapy that has been shown to be effective in reducing psoriasis symptoms and improving quality of life for many patients. However, like all medications, it carries risks and should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.