Ecovillages

Ecovillages are intentional communities that aim to live more sustainably by integrating ecological stewardship, social equity, and economic resilience. They typically pursue environmental goals such as energy and water self-sufficiency, sustainable food production, and low-impact housing, organized around a village-scale plan rather than a single building.

Core practices include renewable energy systems, energy efficiency, ecological building materials, permaculture-inspired agriculture, water conservation and recycling, and waste reduction. Shared facilities and resources—such as common houses, gardens, and workshops—are common, and governance tends to be participatory, often using consensus or related decision-making processes.

Most ecovillages are connected through networks and knowledge-sharing platforms; the Global Ecovillage Network (GEN) coordinates a diverse set of communities worldwide, fostering collaboration and learning.

Examples include Findhorn Foundation in Scotland, Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage in the United States, and other communities such as Auroville in India, Damanhur in Italy, and Zegg in Germany. Across regions, ecovillages vary in size, scope, and ideology.

Benefits widely claimed by participants include reduced ecological footprint, increased community resilience, local food systems, and opportunities for education and social experimentation. Critics point to financial sustainability challenges, governance tensions, regulatory hurdles, and the difficulty of scaling up sustainable practices in diverse economies.