Earthtype

Earthtype is a non-standard, informal term used across several disciplines to describe a category of materials, terrains, or planetary bodies that share characteristics with Earth. Because it is not a regulated scientific term, its meaning depends on context and the particular field of study.

In geoscience and soil science, earthtype can function as a practical label for a class of soils and landforms defined by common origins and properties, such as parent material, texture, drainage, and moisture regime. The exact criteria and subtypes vary by region or project, and earthtype is often used to support land management, environmental assessment, and landscape mapping as a concise descriptor alongside more formal classifications.

In planetary science and astrobiology, earthtype or Earth-type (often written Earth-like) describes terrestrial planets with rocky compositions and the potential for surface oceans or habitable conditions similar to those on Earth. The term is used to distinguish such planets from gas giants or ice worlds, though its precise definition can differ among researchers and datasets.

In ecology and land-cover studies, earthtype may refer to substrate classes that influence vegetation patterns, serving as an ecological proxy that helps relate plant communities to underlying geology or soil conditions.

Limitations of the term arise from its informality and field-dependent definitions. As a result, researchers typically specify the exact criteria used when employing earthtype in any analysis or communication. See also Earth-like, terrestrial planet, soil type, and substrate.