ECTSstandardiin
ECTSstandardiin (the ECTS) is a European framework for credit transfer and accumulation in higher education. It aims to make study credits comparable across institutions and countries, facilitating student mobility and the recognition of qualifications within the European Higher Education Area (EHEA).
Credits reflect student workload, including contact hours, study time, assignments, and examinations. An academic year typically
Course modules or courses are assigned ECTS values based on expected workload; during studies, the earned ECTS
Implementation is guided by the ECTS Users' Guide, maintained through the European Commission and partner agencies.
Critics note that while ECTS improves transparency, the estimation of workload can be imprecise, and the interpretation