Düsuuria

Düsuuria, also known as disüri in Turkish, is a medical symptom defined by pain, burning, or discomfort during urination, or by accompanying urinary frequency, urgency, or a sensation of incomplete emptying. It is a symptom rather than a disease and can result from a wide range of conditions affecting the urinary tract or surrounding tissues.

Common symptoms include a burning or stinging sensation during urination, increased frequency or urgency to urinate, nocturia, and sometimes blood in the urine or lower abdominal discomfort. The pattern may be acute or persistent and can vary in severity.

Düsuuria has many possible causes. Infections are among the most frequent, including urinary tract infections (cystitis, urethritis), prostatitis, and sexually transmitted infections. Noninfectious causes include irritation from soaps, spermicides, or menstrual products; vaginal infections; chemical or allergic irritants; and postmenstrual or menopausal changes. Urinary stones or bladder stones, urethral strictures, and recent urological procedures can also provoke dysuria. In older individuals, new or persistent dysuria warrants evaluation for other problems such as bladder or prostate conditions.

Diagnosis involves a focused history and physical examination, urinalysis and urine culture, and, when indicated, pregnancy testing, STI testing, pelvic examination, and imaging (ultrasound or CT) or cystoscopy to assess the urinary tract.

Treatment targets the underlying cause. Antibiotics are used for bacterial infections; analgesics or phenazopyridine may relieve symptoms while awaiting results. Avoiding irritants, maintaining hydration, and addressing contributing factors are advised. Persistent or red-flag symptoms require prompt medical assessment. Dysuria is usually treatable, but prognosis depends on the underlying condition.