Dëshmuara

Dëshmuara is the feminine singular past participle of the Albanian verb dëshmoj, meaning to prove, demonstrate, or establish. In usage, it functions as an adjective that denotes something as proven or evidenced and agrees with feminine singular nouns it modifies. The masculine singular form is dëshmuar, and both forms are common in formal and written Albanian.

Etymology and form: Dëshmuara is formed from the root dëshmo- (to prove) with the standard Albanian participial suffix -ar/-uar, a pattern used to create adjectives from verbs. This class of participles is frequently employed to describe results of verification, investigation, or demonstration in prose, legal writing, scientific texts, and journalism.

Usage and examples: Dëshmuara appears in phrases such as fakte të dëshmuara (proved facts) or studime të dëshmuara nga të dhënat. It is typically used in contexts where evidence or verification is central, such as reports, court summaries, or scholarly discussions. The term is common in formal Albanian and conveys a sense of established truth supported by evidence.

Related terms and alternatives: In addition to dëshmuar and dëshmuara, Albanian offers synonyms and related expressions such as provuar (proved) and vërtetuar (verified). These terms can be used interchangeably in certain contexts, though nuancing may differ depending on evidence, verification, or degree of certainty.

Notes: Dëshmuara is a descriptive, evaluative term rather than a noun. Its precise form and agreement follow standard Albanian grammar rules, aligning with the gender and number of the noun it describes. See also: dëshmoj, dëshmitar, vërtetuar, provuar.