Dämmung

Dämmung, also known as insulation, refers to materials and methods used to reduce the transfer of heat, sound, or electricity. In the context of buildings, thermal insulation is the most common application, aiming to keep interiors warm in winter and cool in summer. This is achieved by using materials with low thermal conductivity, which resist the flow of heat. Common insulating materials include fiberglass, mineral wool, polystyrene foam, and natural materials like sheep wool or cellulose. Proper insulation significantly reduces energy consumption for heating and cooling, contributing to lower utility bills and a reduced environmental impact. It also plays a role in preventing condensation on cold surfaces, which can lead to mold growth and structural damage. Beyond thermal properties, some insulating materials also offer soundproofing capabilities, absorbing or reflecting sound waves to reduce noise transmission between rooms or from the outside. Electrical insulation, on the other hand, is crucial for safety in electrical systems, preventing short circuits and electrical shocks by preventing the flow of electric current. The effectiveness of insulation is measured by its R-value (thermal resistance) or U-value (thermal transmittance).