Dysmyelodysplastische

Dysmyelodysplastische is a medical term used to describe dysplastic and abnormal development of cells in the myeloid lineage within the bone marrow. It refers to morphological changes in precursors of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets, including alterations in cell size, shape, nuclear features, cytoplasmic maturation, and overall maturation arrest. The descriptor is often applied in pathology reports to characterize bone marrow specimens showing imperfect hematopoiesis across multiple lineages.

In practical terms, dysmyelodysplastische changes may manifest as dyserythropoiesis (abnormal red cell precursors), dysgranulopoiesis (abnormal granulocyte precursors), and dysmegakaryopoiesis (abnormal megakaryocyte development). Characteristic features can include nuclear irregularities, multineucleation, abnormal granulation, cytoplasmic hypo- or hyperplasia, and abnormal cell maturation timing. These findings are relevant in the context of disorders such as myelodysplastic syndromes, but can also occur in reactive conditions, exposure to toxins, certain medications, infections, nutritional deficiencies, or after chemotherapy and radiation.

Clinical significance depends on the extent and context of the dysplastic changes. Dysmyelodysplastische patterns can contribute to ineffective hematopoiesis and cytopenias and may be associated with an increased risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia in certain settings. Diagnosis typically involves bone marrow examination, complemented by cytogenetic and molecular studies, and must consider other causes of marrow dysplasia such as aplastic anemia or nutritional deficiencies.

See also: myelodysplastic syndrome, dyserythropoiesis, dysgranulopoiesis, dysmegakaryopoiesis.