Dyewood

Dyewood refers to wood that contains natural dyes. These dyes can be extracted and used to color textiles, paints, inks, and other materials. Historically, dyewoods were a significant commodity, driving trade and exploration.

Several types of dyewood have been utilized throughout history. Logwood, derived from the tree Haematoxylum campechianum native to Central America, is one of the most well-known. It yields a range of colors from purple and blue to black, depending on the mordant used. Brazilwood, from the Caesalpinia echinata tree of South America, produces vibrant red and orange hues. Fustic, from the Chlorophora tinctoria tree, provides yellow and olive colors. Camwood, from Baphia nitida, yields a deep red.

The process of extracting dye from dyewood typically involves chipping or grinding the wood and then boiling it in water. The resulting liquid is the dye bath. Mordants, such as alum or iron salts, are often used to help the dye bind to the material being colored and to achieve different shades. The use of dyewoods declined with the advent of synthetic dyes in the mid-19th century, which offered greater consistency and a wider palette of colors. However, there is a renewed interest in natural dyes, including those from dyewoods, due to their environmental friendliness and unique aesthetic qualities.