Duvalier

Duvalier refers to the period of Haitian history dominated by the Duvalier family, primarily François Duvalier, known as "Papa Doc," and his son Jean-Claude Duvalier, known as "Baby Doc." François Duvalier ruled Haiti from 1957 until his death in 1971. He established a totalitarian regime, heavily relying on the Tonton Macoutes, a brutal paramilitary force, to maintain control and suppress dissent. His rule was marked by widespread human rights abuses, political repression, and economic mismanagement.

Upon his father's death, Jean-Claude Duvalier inherited the presidency and continued his father's authoritarian rule. While initially some hoped for reforms, his reign, which lasted until 1986, saw continued corruption, poverty, and further human rights violations. The Duvalier regime amassed significant personal wealth while the vast majority of Haitians lived in extreme poverty.

In 1986, widespread popular protests and international pressure forced Jean-Claude Duvalier into exile. His departure marked the end of the Duvalier dynasty but left Haiti with deep-seated political instability and economic challenges. The legacy of the Duvalier era continues to be a significant factor in understanding Haiti's contemporary social and political landscape. Both father and son were accused of massive corruption and human rights abuses, with many Haitians suffering under their decades-long rule.