DubbelstrengsDNA

DubbelstrengsDNA, often abbreviated as dsDNA, refers to the common molecular form of deoxyribonucleic acid. It consists of two polynucleotide strands that are coiled around each other to form a right-handed helix. These strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases. Adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T) via two hydrogen bonds, and guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C) via three hydrogen bonds. This complementary base pairing is fundamental to DNA's ability to store genetic information and replicate accurately.

The structure of dsDNA was famously elucidated by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, based on X-ray diffraction data produced by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. The double helix structure provides stability and protection for the genetic code. Each strand has a sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside, with the bases facing inward. The two strands run in opposite directions, a characteristic known as antiparallel orientation, with one strand oriented 5' to 3' and the other 3' to 5'. This antiparallel nature is crucial for the mechanisms of DNA replication and transcription.

The stability of the double helix is influenced by factors such as temperature and salt concentration. Under certain conditions, the hydrogen bonds can be broken, causing the two strands to separate, a process called denaturation or melting. This separation is a key step in many biological processes, including DNA replication and transcription, where the individual strands serve as templates. The prevalence and stability of the double-helical structure make dsDNA the primary molecule responsible for carrying the genetic instructions in most organisms.