DropArmTest

The Drop Arm Test, also known as Codman’s drop arm test, is a physical examination maneuver used to assess the integrity of the rotator cuff, particularly the supraspinatus tendon, in the shoulder. It is commonly employed when rotator cuff pathology is suspected in patients with shoulder pain or weakness, including possible full-thickness tears or large partial-thickness tears.

Procedure: The patient stands with the arm abducted to about 90 degrees in the scapular plane, with the elbow extended. The examiner supports the arm and asks the patient to slowly lower the arm to the side or to hold the position and then lower it. A positive test is indicated if the arm drops abruptly or cannot be controlled during lowering, often accompanied by pain or an unwillingness to lower the arm.

Interpretation: A positive Drop Arm Test suggests a tear of the supraspinatus or other rotator cuff pathology. A negative result does not completely exclude rotator cuff disease. The test is typically used in conjunction with other provocative maneuvers to improve diagnostic accuracy.

Limitations: The test can be painful and may yield false positives or negatives in patients with severe guarding, pain, or concomitant shoulder conditions. Its sensitivity and specificity vary across studies, and results are best interpreted alongside other assessments, such as the Jobe empty-can test, infraspinatus strength testing, and imaging as needed.