Dohas

Dohas are a form of two-line poetic couplets that originated in medieval Hindustani literature and are best known from Hindi poetry. Each doha consists of two short lines that usually rhyme at the end, delivering a concise moral, ethical observation, or spiritual insight. The form has been associated with both the Bhakti and Sufi traditions and is widely linked with vernacular poetry intended for broad audiences.

Historically, dohas became a popular vehicle for social critique, personal conduct, and devotional teaching. The most famous practitioner is the 15th-century poet Kabir, whose dohas address everyday life, humility, and the illusion of ritualism. Other notable contributors include Ravidas and, in later periods, Tulsidas, who incorporated doha-like stanzas into longer works. Over time the doha tradition influenced various regional languages and folk songs, remaining a staple of popular and devotional literature.

Form and style in general are characterized by simplicity, directness, and economy of language. Doha couplets often employ colloquial speech, memorable imagery, and a didactic tone aimed at common readers. The two lines work together to present a situation or observation in the first line, followed by a concluding reflection, critique, or instruction in the second. Paradox, wordplay, and parallel ideas are common devices that enhance memorability and resonance.

Today, dohas continue to be read and sung in literature, music, and education. They are appreciated for their clarity, cultural resonance, and enduring relevance to moral and philosophical discourse. Notable DOHAS are attributed to Kabir, Ravidas, and Tulsidas, among others.