Dlouhodobým

Dlouhodobým is the instrumental singular masculine and neuter form of the Czech adjective dlouhodobý, meaning long-term or extending over a long period. It functions as a modifier and is used with masculine or neuter nouns in the instrumental case. The feminine instrumental form of the same adjective is dlouhodobou.

Usage in Czech is common in contexts such as planning, policy, economics, science, health, and environmental matters. It describes actions, plans, effects, or perspectives that cover a substantial time horizon. Examples include dlouhodobý plán (a long-term plan), dlouhodobý cíl (a long-term goal), or dlouhodobý dopad (a long-term impact). The instrumental form dlouhodobým appears in phrases like dlouhodobým plánem, dlouhodobým vlivem, or when describing methods and strategies used over an extended period.

Etymology and grammar: dlouhodobý is formed as a standard Czech adjective with the stem dlouhodob- and the typical endings for gender and case. In the instrumental singular, masculine and neuter forms are dlouhodobým, while feminine instrumental is dlouhodobou. This pattern reflects ordinary Czech adjective declension rather than a separate lexical item.

See also: krátkodobý (short-term), dlouhodobost (long-term nature or duration), dlouhodobé (long-term in neuter or plural contexts).