Diyafram

Diyafram, or diaphragm, is a term used in Turkish to refer to a membrane or partition that separates two areas or functions. In everyday language it most commonly denotes the muscular structure that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities, but it is also used for technical membranes in cameras, microphones, and other devices.

In human anatomy, the diyafram is a dome-shaped muscle located beneath the lungs. When it contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and air is drawn into the lungs; when it relaxes, air is expelled. It is innervated mainly by the phrenic nerves (C3-C5) and plays the central role in breathing. The diaphragm also contributes to core stability and pressure regulation in the abdomen.

In photography and optics, the term refers to the diaphragm or iris mechanism inside a camera lens. It consists of overlapping blades that form an adjustable circular opening, controlling the amount of light reaching the sensor or film. The aperture is expressed as an f-number (for example, f/2.8, f/8). A wider aperture (smaller f-number) lets in more light and creates a shallower depth of field; a smaller aperture (larger f-number) reduces light and increases depth of field.

In acoustics and sensing, diaphragms are thin, flexible membranes that vibrate in response to sound waves or pressure changes. In microphones, a diaphragm may be paired with a coil or capacitor to convert mechanical motion into an electrical signal. Diaphragms are also used in pressure sensors, pumps, and various industrial devices to separate media or regulate pressure.

Overall, the diyafram is a versatile concept referring to a flexible barrier or membrane with a key role in respiration, optics, sound, and engineering.