Dirce

Dirce is a figure in Greek mythology and the name of related places in the Theban region. In myth she is described as a Theban queen, the wife of Lycus, who ruled Thebes. Dirce is best known for her role as the persecutor of Antiope, the mother of Amphion and Zethus, whom Antiope bore after a liaison with Zeus.

The story of Dirce culminates in her death at the hands of Amphion and Zethus, who avenge their mother by tying Dirce to a wild bull. This act became a emblem of tyranny over Thebes in ancient lore and literature, and the tale is recounted by various authors, including Ovid in the Metamorphoses. The narrative also associates a spring or river in the Theban area with Dirce, sometimes described as arising from the tears of the nymph or tied to the mythic punishment of Dirce.

In classical geography and art, Dirce appears as a toponym and a symbolic figure. The Dirce fountain or spring near Thebes is referenced in antiquarian descriptions, and the myth of Dirce has been depicted in sculpture, vase painting, and other artistic forms. The name Dirce has also continued in later periods as a feminine given name, borrowed from the mythic figure.

Overall, Dirce is remembered as a Therban mythic figure linked to a tale of tyranny and vengeance, with enduring cultural echoes in ancient art and later literary and onomastic use.