Dipsacus

Dipsacus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caprifoliaceae, commonly known as teasels. These plants are native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa. They are typically herbaceous biennials, meaning they complete their life cycle over two years. The first year, they produce a rosette of leaves, and in the second year, they send up a tall flowering stem. Teasels are characterized by their spiny stems and distinctive flower heads, which are cylindrical and covered in numerous small, tubular flowers. These flowers are usually purple or pink and bloom from the top downwards.

The genus Dipsacus includes several species, the most well-known being Common Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum). Historically, the dried flower heads of Common Teasel were used in the textile industry to tease or card wool fibers, a process that raises the nap and gives wool its characteristic softness. This traditional use has led to the common name "teasel." The spiny bracts surrounding the flower head are particularly effective for this purpose.

In addition to their historical industrial use, teasels are also valued in gardens for their ornamental appeal and for attracting wildlife. Their tall stature and unique flower heads provide visual interest, and the seeds are a food source for birds. Some species have also been used in traditional medicine. While generally not considered invasive, some Dipsacus species can spread readily in suitable conditions.