Diola

The Diola, also spelled Jola, are an ethnic group of West Africa, primarily inhabiting the Casamance region in southern Senegal, with communities in The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau. They form one of the larger ethnic groups in the region and are distinguished by a wide variety of dialects, all generally referred to as Jola languages. The best-known language is Diola, often called Diola-Fonyi, spoken by many Diola communities, along with several other Jol languages.

Most Diola are engaged in agriculture and fishing, with rice cultivation in the Casamance basin a central economic activity. Social life centers on village communities organized around kinship, age-sets, and ceremonial life. Islam is the predominant religion among the Diola, while Christianity and traditional beliefs are also present, reflecting a blend of religious practices.

Historically, the Diola maintained decentralized village structures and interactions with neighboring groups and empires in Senegambia. During the colonial period, the area was integrated into French West Africa. In the late 20th century, the Casamance region experienced a low-intensity separatist conflict, leading to ongoing tensions and peace processes. Diaspora communities have contributed to cross-cultural exchange and remittances.