Dicyano

Dicyano is a chemical term used to describe molecules that contain two cyano groups, −CN, within their structure. The cyano group is a nitrile functional group consisting of a carbon triple-bonded to nitrogen. In dicyano compounds, these two cyano groups can be attached to the same carbon (geminal dicyano) or to different carbons in a molecule.

The prefix appears in both systematic and common names, such as malononitrile (NC−CH2−CN), a widely cited gem-dicyano compound. Dicyano derivatives are valued for their strong electron-withdrawing character, which stabilizes carbanions and activates nearby C–H or C=C bonds for condensation and addition reactions. This reactivity makes dicyano motifs versatile building blocks in organic synthesis.

Beyond basic synthesis, dicyano groups are used in the design of heterocycles and in the development of organic electronic materials. In push-pull dyes and some conjugated polymers, nitrile groups help tune electronic properties and optical behavior, contributing to charge-transfer characteristics and material stability.

Safety and handling: nitrile compounds can be toxic and may release cyanide under certain conditions. Appropriate handling, good ventilation, and protective equipment are advised when working with dicyano compounds.