Diatomee

Diatomee are a major group of algae, specifically single-celled eukaryotes, found in almost every aquatic environment, including the oceans, freshwater lakes, and even moist soil. They are characterized by their unique cell walls, called frustules, which are made of silica. These frustules are ornate and often intricately patterned, providing a wealth of diversity in their shapes and sizes. Diatom frustules are so durable that they can persist long after the organism dies, accumulating in vast deposits known as diatomaceous earth.

These microscopic organisms play a crucial role in the global ecosystem. They are primary producers, meaning they convert sunlight and carbon dioxide into organic matter through photosynthesis. This process forms the base of many aquatic food webs, supporting a wide array of other organisms. Furthermore, diatoms are significant contributors to the Earth's oxygen supply, producing an estimated 20-25% of the total oxygen on the planet. Their silica frustules also contribute to the silicon cycle.

The study of diatoms, known as diatomology, has practical applications. Diatomaceous earth, formed from fossilized diatoms, is used in various industries, including as a filtration medium, an abrasive in toothpaste and polishes, and in the production of dynamite. The unique patterns of diatom frustules are also used by scientists to calibrate microscopes and in forensic investigations. Their sensitivity to environmental changes also makes them valuable indicators of past and present water quality.