Dialysemachines

Dialysemachines are medical devices used to perform dialysis, replacing kidney function by removing waste and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys fail. They are used for chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury.

There are two main types: hemodialysis machines and peritoneal dialysis systems. Hemodialysis machines run in hospitals or clinics, circulating blood through an external circuit and a dialyzer. Peritoneal dialysis uses the patient’s peritoneum as a filter and may be done at home, either manually (CAPD) or with a cycler (APD).

Principle: Blood is pumped through a dialyzer containing a semipermeable membrane; dialysate flows on the other side. Waste, toxins, and excess fluid diffuse into the dialysate and are discarded, while cleaned blood returns to the patient.

Key components include a blood pump, dialyzer, tubing, and sensors for pressure, conductivity, and air. Hemodialysis requires purified water to produce dialysate. Peritoneal dialysis uses a catheter and bags or a cycler to exchange dialysate.

Risks include infection at the access site, low blood pressure during treatment, and electrolyte disturbances. Dialysis is a life-sustaining therapy but not a cure and is often used while awaiting transplant or long-term when kidney function cannot be restored.

Maintenance involves regular equipment checks, calibration, and adherence to safety protocols. Regulatory bodies require trained operators, quality assurance, and proper water treatment. Patients and staff receive education to manage procedures and monitor for complications.