CAPD

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is a form of dialysis used to treat kidney failure. In CAPD, a sterile dialysis solution is infused into the peritoneal cavity through a catheter, allowed to dwell to exchange waste and fluid, and then drained by gravity into a collection bag. The process is performed by the patient at home, typically four to five times per day, without an external machine.

A typical regimen involves connecting sterile dialysate bags to the catheter, infusing about two liters, waiting four to six hours for diffusion and osmosis, and then draining the fluid. Patients receive training on sterile technique and monitoring for infection. Equipment includes the catheter, dialysate bags, tubing, and drainage containers.

Advantages include independence from in-center hemodialysis, flexible scheduling, and the ability to continue daily activities at home. CAPD may help preserve residual kidney function in some patients and can be performed at home, work, or while traveling.

Risks and limitations include peritonitis and exit-site infection, hernias, catheter problems, and occasional protein loss. It requires a clean environment, reliable self-care, and support from a caregiver. Not all patients are suitable due to abdominal health, prior surgeries, dexterity, or social factors. CAPD is used in both adults and children and may be chosen when home-based therapy is preferred or when vascular access for hemodialysis is not available.