Derivatizáció

Derivatizáció is a chemical process used to modify a chemical compound by converting it into a derivative. This derivative often has properties that make it easier to detect, separate, or analyze using analytical techniques such as chromatography or spectroscopy. The original compound, the analyte, might be unstable, non-volatile, or lack a chromophore for detection. Derivatization overcomes these limitations by introducing a new functional group or altering existing ones.

The derivatization reaction typically involves reacting the analyte with a derivatizing agent. This agent is a reagent that is specifically designed to react with certain functional groups present in the analyte. Common functional groups targeted include alcohols, amines, carboxylic acids, and phenols. The choice of derivatizing agent depends on the analyte and the analytical method to be employed. For example, silylation reagents are often used to increase the volatility of polar compounds for gas chromatography, while fluorescent labeling agents are used to enhance the detectability of analytes in liquid chromatography.

The process of derivatization can be performed either before or during the analytical separation. On-line derivatization occurs within the analytical instrument, often as part of the sample introduction system. Off-line derivatization is a separate laboratory procedure performed on the sample before it is introduced into the instrument. Derivatization is a valuable tool in analytical chemistry, enabling the sensitive and accurate quantification of a wide range of substances in various matrices.