Depolarisationsblock

Depolarisationsblock, also known as sodium channel block, is a pharmacological approach used to manage certain types of arrhythmias, particularly those associated with long QT syndrome. It works by inhibiting the rapid influx of sodium ions into cardiac cells, which is a key step in the depolarisation process of the cardiac action potential. This inhibition slows down the heart rate and prolongs the QT interval, thereby reducing the risk of arrhythmias.

The most commonly used drugs in this class are sodium channel blockers, such as mexiletine and flecainide. These drugs are typically administered orally and have a relatively short half-life, allowing for frequent dosing adjustments. However, they can also cause side effects, including dizziness, nausea, and gastrointestinal disturbances.

Depolarisationsblock is most effective in treating arrhythmias that originate from the ventricles, such as ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. It is less effective in treating supraventricular arrhythmias, which originate from the atria. In such cases, other pharmacological interventions, such as beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers, may be more appropriate.

The use of depolarisationsblock should be carefully monitored, as it can interact with other medications and may exacerbate underlying conditions. Regular electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring is often recommended to assess the drug's effectiveness and to detect any adverse effects. In some cases, a pacemaker may be necessary to maintain an adequate heart rate.